Exploración clínica en estomatología veterinaria

La exploración clínica se basa en un conjunto de normas y maniobras encaminadas al estudio de síntomas para la determinación diagnóstica de patologías, y al establecimiento de un tratamiento adecuado y específico. Explicamos la exploración sistemática que debe ponerse en práctica en el campo de la Estomatología Veterinaria, pudiendo así determinar las afecciones de los tejidos blandos y duros.For the diagnostic of different oral pathologies we use several techniques. We will establish a specific treatment for each one. We describe a sistemic exploration that is used in veterinary dentistry and afecting both, soft and hard tissues

Contraindicaciones y complicaciones más frecuentes en las técnicas endodónticas

En el trabajo se exponen las diferentes circunstancias en las que la aplicación de las técnicas endodónticas están contraindicadas. Causas de orden general y de orden local que no aconsejan la realización de la terapia, así como casos dudosos en los que se deben poner en práctica técnicas alternativas o tratamientos que nos posibiliten el posterior desarrollo de la endodoncia.The contraindications of endodontic techniques are exposed in this work. Tbey bave a general or local origen. In the doubt cases an alternative treatment bave to be develop before the endodontic technique has been made

Radiovisiografía : nueva alternativa diagnóstica en odontoestomatología

Para el diagnóstico de diversas patologías odontológicas, la exploración de tejidos blandos y duros debe ser rigurosa. En muchas ocasiones, además de las técnicas de inspección, palpación, percusión y auscultación podemos servirnos de métodos complementarios como sondaje, aspiración, citología, biopsia, cultivos y para el diagnóstico por imagen nos valdremos de la radiología simple y de contraste. Actualmente podemos disponer de un nuevo método llamado Visiorradiología, que nos proporciona una serie de ventajas frente a la radiología convencional. En este trabajo se presenta un estudio comparativo entre la radiología simple y la visiorradiología en base al estudio de diversas piezas dentales, concluyéndose con los mejores resultados y posibilidades de la segunda con respecto a la primera en cuanto a rapidez, tratamiento de imágenes así como la posibilidad de almacenamiento en soporte magnético y control visual mediante impresora para el dueño de los animales.To diagnose some odontologic pathologies, the soft and tough tissues exploration must be strict. Sometimes, we can use complementary methods like sounding, aspiration, citology, biopsy, cultures and image diagnosis using ordinary and contrast radiology; in addition to the following techniques: examination, palpation, percution and auscultation. Actually we can have available a new method provide us advantages against the conventional radiology. In this study we present a comparative study between the simple radiology and the visiorradiology according to some tooth studies. We demonstrate that visiorradiology is beíter for the speed, images quality as well as the storing possibility . in magnetic supports and visual control trough the printer for the owner

Observation of spontaneous self-channelling of light in air below the collapse threshold

We report the observation of the self-guided propagation of 120 fs, 0.56 mJ infrared radiation in air for distances greater than one meter. In contrast to the known case of filamentation, in the present experiment the laser power is lower than the collapse threshold. Therefore the counter balance between Kerr self focussing and ionization induced defocussing as the stabilizing mechanism is ruled out. Instead, we find evidences of a process in which the transversal beam distribution reshapes into a form similar to a Townes soliton. We include numerical support for this conclusion

Hydrophobic-electrostatic balance driving the LCST offset aggregation-redissolution behavior of N-alkylacrylamide-based ionic terpolymers

A series of random terpolymers composed of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), and N-tert-butylacrylamide (NTBAAm) monomers were synthesized by free radical polymerization. The molar fraction of the negatively charged monomer (AMPS) was maintained constant (0.05) for all studied terpolymer compositions. Turbidity measurements were used to evaluate the influence of the relative amount of NIPAAm and NTBAAm, polymer concentration, and solution ionic strength on the cloud point and redissolution temperatures (macroscopic phase separation). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was employed to elucidate some aspects regarding the molecular scale mechanism of the temperature-induced phase separation and to determine the low critical solution temperature (LCST). The aqueous solutions of terpolymers remained clear at all studied temperatures; turbidity was only observed in the presence of NaCl. The cloud point temperature (CPT) determined by turbidimetry was found to be systematically much higher than the LCST determined by DLS; nanosized aggregates were observed at temperatures between the LCST and the CPT. Both CPT and LCST decreased when increasing the molar ratio of NTBAAm (increased hydrophobicity). It was found that above a critical molar fraction of NTBAAm (0.25-0.30) the aggregation rate suddenly decreased. Polymers with NTBAAm content lower than 0.25 showed a fast macroscopic phase separation, but the formed large aggregates are disaggregating during the cooling ramp at temperatures still higher than the LCST. On the contrary, polymers withNTBAAmcontents above 0.30 showed a slow macroscopic phase separation, and the formed large aggregates only redissolved when LCST was reached. These differences were explained on the basis of a delicate balance between the electrostatic repulsion and the hydrophobic attractive forces, which contribute cooperatively to the formation of metastable nanosized aggregates.The authors acknowledge funding from EU Marie Curie Actions, Alea Jacta Est (MEST-CT-2004-008104), and Portuguese Foundation For Science and Technology (FCT) (SFRH/BPD/34545/2007). This work was carried out under the scope of the European NoE EXPERTISSUES (NMP3-CT-2004-500283)

Levels of consciousness of teachers in their guidance function: a typology framed in fuzzy logic

En este artículo se presenta un trabajo sobre lo que hemos denominado niveles de conciencia del profesorado que no está especializado en funciones de orientación educativa y profesional siguiendo la noción de la denominada lógica difusa. Este análisis se enmarca en una investigación sobre orientación del profesorado de secundaria para el contexto español, realizada en diez comunidades autónomas durante dos años, que tiene por objetivo conocer las distintas representaciones del profesorado, considerando la identificación de modelos de orientación como un fenómeno en el que intervienen diferentes elementos de carácter social. Para ello, analizamos el material discursivo obtenido a través de grupos de discusión en los que participó profesorado de educación secundaria con el objetivo de analizar sus niveles de conciencia sobre sus funciones de orientación. Como resultado presentamos una triple tipología de niveles de conciencia del profesorado en su tarea de orientar a los estudiantes en la configuración de sus trayectorias educativas y profesionales de futuro. Distinguimos entre nivel de conciencia de involucramiento pasivo, nivel de conciencia de involucramiento activo y nivel de conciencia intervencionista. Los tres niveles diferenciados en esta tipología que presentamos nos ayudan a comprender mejor la manera de abordar la orientación educativa y profesional por parte del profesorado.This article presents a work on what we have called levels of consciousness of teachers who are not specialized in educational and professional guidance functions following the notion of the so called fuzzy logic. This analysis is part of a research on secondary school teachers for the context, carried out in ten autonomous communities for two years, which seeks to get to know the different representations of teachers, considering that the identification of guidance models resulting from different elements of social nature. To do this, we analyzed the discursive material obtained through discussion groups in which teachers of secondary education participated in order to analyze their levels of consciousness about their guidance functions. As a result, we present a triple typology of teachers’ consciousness levels in their function of guiding students in the configuration of their forthcoming educational and professional paths. We distinguish between the level of consciousness of passive involvement, level of consciousness of active involvement and level of interventionist consciousness. The three levels differentiated in this typology we present in this article help us better understand how to approach the educational and professional guidance on the part of teachers

Relationship between Salmonella infection, shedding and serology in fattening pigs in low–moderate prevalence areas

Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen causing important zoonosis worldwide. Pigs asymptomatically infected in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) can be intermittent shedders of the pathogen through faeces, being considered a major source of human infections. European baseline studies of fattening pig salmonellosis are based on Salmonella detection in MLN. This work studies the relationship between Salmonella infection in MLN and intestinal content (IC) shedding at slaughter and the relationship between the presence of the pathogen and the serologic status at farm level. Mean Salmonella prevalence in the selected pigs (vertically integrated production system of Navarra, Spain) was 7.2% in MLN, 8.4% in IC and 9.6% in serum samples. In this low–moderate prevalence context, poor concordance was found between MLN infection and shedding at slaughter and between bacteriology and serology. In fact, most of shedders were found uninfected in MLN (83%) or carrying different Salmonella strains in MLN and in IC (90%). The most prevalent Salmonellae were Typhimurium resistant to ACSSuT ± Nx or ASSuT antibiotic families, more frequently found invading the MLN (70%) than in IC (33.9%). Multivariable analysis revealed that risk factors associated with the presence of Salmonella in MLN or in IC were different, mainly related either to good hygiene practices or to water and feed control, respectively. Overall, in this prevalence context, detection of Salmonella in MLN is an unreliable predictor of faecal shedding at abattoir, indicating that subclinical infections in fattening pigs MLN could have limited relevance in the IC shedding.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Desarrollo de una aplicación informática para aprender clínica y producción equina jugando al Trivial

Introducción/objetivos: esta iniciativa surge de la puesta en común de experiencias docentes en las I Jornadas de Innovación Docente en Medicina y Cirugía Animal (Córdoba, 2011). Allí se presentaron algunas actividades que utilizan el éxito de metodologías basadas en concursos y competiciones, que consiguen que los alumnos las adopten fácilmente como métodos de aprendizaje.La actividad propuesta se basa en el popular juego TRIVIAL™ en el que equipos de alumnos contestan cuestiones de una batería de preguntas sobre veterinaria equina. Las preguntas están agrupadas por sistemas/especialidades.Se persigue crear un sistema de aprendizaje y autoevaluación formativa, que permita la evaluación de conocimientos adaptados al nivel de los alumnos de S~ del Grado en Veterinaria. Además de autoevaluar sus propios conocimientos sin la presión de un examen formal, el alumno practica la dinámica de grupo. La competitividad generada entre equipos estimula el trabajo individual y de grupo (...

Impact of biological agents on postsurgical complications in inflammatory bowel disease: A multicentre study of Geteccu

Background: The impact of biologics on the risk of postoperative complications (PC) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still an ongoing debate. This lack of evidence is more relevant for ustekinumab and vedolizumab. Aims: To evaluate the impact of biologics on the risk of PC. Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 37 centres. Patients treated with biologics within 12 weeks before surgery were considered “exposed”. The impact of the exposure on the risk of 30-day PC and the risk of infections was assessed by logistic regression and propensity score-matched analysis. Results: A total of 1535 surgeries were performed on 1370 patients. Of them, 711 surgeries were conducted in the exposed cohort (584 anti-TNF, 58 vedolizumab and 69 ustekinumab). In the multivariate analysis, male gender (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2–2.0), urgent surgery (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2–2.2), laparotomy approach (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1–1.9) and severe anaemia (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3–2.6) had higher risk of PC, while academic hospitals had significantly lower risk. Exposure to biologics (either anti-TNF, vedolizumab or ustekinumab) did not increase the risk of PC (OR: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.97–1.58), although it could be a risk factor for postoperative infections (OR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.03–2.27). Conclusions: Preoperative administration of biologics does not seem to be a risk factor for overall PC, although it may be so for postoperative infections

MEGARA, the new intermediate-resolution optical IFU and MOS for GTC: getting ready for the telescope

MEGARA (Multi-Espectrógrafo en GTC de Alta Resolución para Astronomía) is an optical Integral-Field Unit (IFU) and Multi-Object Spectrograph (MOS) designed for the GTC 10.4m telescope in La Palma that is being built by a Consortium led by UCM (Spain) that also includes INAOE (Mexico), IAA-CSIC (Spain), and UPM (Spain). The instrument is currently finishing AIV and will be sent to GTC on November 2016 for its on-sky commissioning on April 2017. The MEGARA IFU fiber bundle (LCB) covers 12.5x11.3 arcsec2 with a spaxel size of 0.62 arcsec while the MEGARA MOS mode allows observing up to 92 objects in a region of 3.5x3.5 arcmin2 around the IFU. The IFU and MOS modes of MEGARA will provide identical intermediate-to-high spectral resolutions (RFWHM~6,000, 12,000 and 18,700, respectively for the low-, mid- and high-resolution Volume Phase Holographic gratings) in the range 3700-9800ÅÅ. An x-y mechanism placed at the pseudo-slit position allows (1) exchanging between the two observing modes and (2) focusing the spectrograph for each VPH setup. The spectrograph is a collimator-camera system that has a total of 11 VPHs simultaneously available (out of the 18 VPHs designed and being built) that are placed in the pupil by means of a wheel and an insertion mechanism. The custom-made cryostat hosts a 4kx4k 15-μm CCD. The unique characteristics of MEGARA in terms of throughput and versatility and the unsurpassed collecting are of GTC make of this instrument the most efficient tool to date to analyze astrophysical objects at intermediate spectral resolutions. In these proceedings we present a summary of the instrument characteristics and the results from the AIV phase. All subsystems have been successfully integrated and the system-level AIV phase is progressing as expected